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$ git init - Turn an existing directory into git repository.  
$ git clone [url] - Clone a repository that already exists in GitHub including all the files, branches and commits.

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$ git config --global user.name "[name]" - Sets the name you want attached to your commit transactions.  
$ git config --global user.email "[email-address]" - Sets the email you want attached to your commit transactions.  
$ git config --global color.ui auto - Enables helpuful colorization of command line output.  

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$ git branch [branch-name] - Will create a new branch.  
$ git checkout [branch-name] - Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory.  
$ git checkout [branch-name] -b - Creates a new branch and switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory.  
$ git merge [branch-name] - Combines the specified branch’s history into the
current branch. This is usually done in pull requests.  
$ git branch -d [branch-name] - Deletes the specified branch.

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$ git push - Uploads all local branch commits to GitHub.  
$ git merge - Combines remote tracking branch into current local branch.  
$ git fetch - Downloads all history from the remote tracking branches.  
$ git pull - Updates your current local working branch with all new commits from the corresponding remote branch on GitHub. git pull is a combination of git fetch and git merge.

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$ git diff [first-branch]...[second-branch] - Shows content differences between two branches.  
$ git log --follow [file] - Lists version history for a file, including renames.  
$ git log - Lists version history for the current branch.

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$ git reset [commit] - Undoes all commits after [commit], preserving changes locally.  
$ git reset --hard [commit] - Discards all history and changes back to the specified commit.